ADCP in Qinhuangdao Port's Ocean Current Measurement

1. Where does Qinhuangdao Port locate?

Qinhuangdao Port, also called Qinhuangdao Port, is located in Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China. And it is one of the most famous ports along the Bohai Sea.

Port Scale and Throughput

Qinhuangdao Port is of large scale, being one of the most important coals handling ports in the world. Its annual throughput is very big, with a high percentage of coal transportation. The other commodities it transports, apart from coal, include ores, grains, and fertilizers. In general, the container business of this port is developing well, and it plays a very important role in China's energy and material transportation network.

Routes and Business

The port has vast shipping routes. It is connected to all major ports along the coast domestically, while it has trade links with many ports in Asia and Europe, among other places internationally. Its main business consists of exporting coal from China's mines in inland areas to other countries or regions and importing raw materials needed by domestic industries.

Port Management and Operation

Qinhuangdao Port is organized by a professional and effective management system. The roles of the Port Authority involve coordination in the entry and exit of ships, berth allocation, and cargo handling. Advanced technologies are employed in improving operation efficiency and safety of the port, including intelligent scheduling systems and automated loading and unloading systems.

Facilities

The port has very fine facilities. Deep-water berths are provided for the reception of large-scale bulk carriers and container ships. High levels of conveying, intakes, and storage yards are available for coal handling, and quay cranes or gantry cranes in container terminals handle containers with ease. Other facilities include a number of warehouses and areas of storage for a variety of cargo.

Channel and Direct Shipping

Qinhuangdao Port has well-maintained channels. The depth of the channel is adequate to ensure smooth passage for ships of varying sizes. The offering of direct shipment services to certain key ports has further increased its efficiency and competitiveness in transport. For example, the direct routes to the ports in South Korea and Japan have surged the coal and other trades between Qinhuangdao and the mentioned regions.

2. Why does one want to measure the ocean currents at Qinhuangdao Port?

Influence on the Navigation of Ships

In this regard, it is relevant to measure ocean currents in Qinhuangdao Port as a fundamental basis for ensuring suitable navigation of ships. Currents can further change the course and speed of ships. Knowledge of current conditions allows ship captains to more precisely adjust their navigation plans. In a busy port like Qinhuangdao, where numerous ships navigate through transporting coal and other goods, knowledge of the currents will avoid collisions and facilitate the efficient docking and undocking of ships.

Influence on Cargo Handling

The flow of ocean currents may also influence the efficiency of cargo handling. As an example, the process of loading and unloading coal into and out of ships could be interfered with if the currents become too strong. Measuring the currents helps the port in effective scheduling of cargo-handling operations by noting the state of the current to cut down on the waiting time for ships and generally enhancing work efficiency.

Role of Plant Tissue Culture in Environmental Monitoring

Measurement of ocean currents is very important for environmental monitoring at the Qinhuangdao Port area. In case of an oil spill or any other form of pollutants, current data may be helpful in predicting the spread direction of the pollutant. This in turn offers timely preventive and remedial measures for the port in order to protect the marine environment. Therefore, the ADCP profiler has more advanced and convenient ways of measuring ocean currents compared to the traditional methods and is a valuable tool in the operations of Qinhuangdao Port.

3. How do ADCPs using the principle of Doppler work?

Measurement Principle

The Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler(ADCP) make use of the Doppler principle. An acoustic signal transmitted into the water by the ADCP meter is scattered by the particles as well as other substances in the water. As the water particles are moving with the ocean current, due to the Doppler effect, the frequency of the scattered signal received back by the ADCP will be different from the transmitted frequency. The measurement of this frequency shift allows for the calculation of the velocity of the water particles and hence the velocity of the ocean current.

ADCP in Port Ocean Current Measurement: Shipborne ADCP

Shipborne ADCP flow meter is fitted onto ships. When the ship is in motion within the Qinhuangdao Port area, it undertakes continuous transmission and reception of acoustic signals. It can measure ocean currents at various depths along the path of the moving ship. This information could be analyzed to understand the current condition in that particular area where the ship is sailing and could be very valuable for its navigation and operations.

Fixed ADCP

Fixed ADCPs are normally fixed on some locations, piers, or buoys in Qinhuangdao Port. And they will continuously monitor the currents around them without stop in their position. Long-term stable data about current can be obtained from them, and it will help research the general pattern and variation of currents in the area of Qinhuangdao Port in a long time.

4. What is required for high-quality measurement of the currents at Qinhuangdao Port?

Equipment Requirements

The equipment to be used in performing high-quality measurement for currents of Qinhuangdao Port has certain requirements.

Material Reliability

The materials used should be highly reliable and must resist the harsh marine environment that could be very corrosive due to seawater, high humidity, or even potential impacts from floating objects.

Small Size, Light Weight, and Low Power Consumption

A small-sized and lightweight ADCP doppler is convenient to install and operate; in particular, the shipborne ADCPs will benefit from it. Low power consumption allows the equipment to run long with fewer replacements of batteries, or high-power supply is required, which is especially important for both fixed and shipborne ADCPs.

Low Cost for Mass Measurement

The measurement of large-scale current measurement to be carried out at the port should be comparatively lower in cost. In this way, it will be possible to deploy more than one ADCP current profiler in the same port at different locations in order to get more comprehensive data about current. The main reasons are: first, Titanium alloy is a perfect material for ADCP casings. Its superior corrosion resistance might offer resistance to the corrosive environment of seawater. Secondly, its high strength-to-weight ratio suggests that it can provide enough strength but keep the weight low to fulfill the requirements of small size and light weight.

5. Selection of appropriate equipment for measurement of current?

The application for the selection of equipment when measuring the current in Qinhuangdao Port is considered in regard to the purpose.

Shipborne ADCP

When the measurement is performed mainly during the voyage of the ship, there should be an application of the shipborne ADCP current meter. It will move together with the ship and monitor the current conditions of all various locations within the port.

Bottom - Sitting ADCP

However, in the case of Qinhuangdao Port, the sitting-bottom ADCP is quite useful for long-term fixed-point monitoring of currents at some place. It is usually mounted on the seabed and can monitor the current around itself continuously.

Buoy - Type ADCP

Buoy-type ADCP is fit for applications that have to deal with real-time monitoring of the current in certain areas of Qinhuangdao Port. This can float on the water surface, and on it, acoustic doppler velocity meter can measure the current around. For example, the 600 kHz acoustic doppler flow meter is suitable for a water depth within 70 m, and it could provide more detailed current data in relatively shallow water areas. The 300 kHz acoustic doppler flow meter is appropriate for a water depth up to 110 m, while 75 kHz ADCP is suitable for waters as deep as 1000 m. It can accurately measure the currents at different depths in the actual water depth conditions of Qinhuangdao Port.

The well-known ADCP brands are Teledyne RDI, Nortek, and Sontek. However, Chinese brands are one cost-effective choice, such as China Sonar PandaADCP. This ADCP material is all-titanium alloy and it has an incredible cost-performance ratio. You may visit its website for more information: https://china -sonar.com/.

Here is a table with some well known ADCP instrument brands and models.